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Menopause is a clinical diagnosis characterised by various symptoms, including hot flashes, mood changes, cognitive alterations, and changes in urinary and sexual function. It's confirmed after 12 consecutive months without menstruation. Symptoms can start before this period, during the perimenopausal stage, which can last for around four to six years.

Some small studies suggest that menopausal women with MS may have fewer inflammatory brain lesions but may experience brain atrophy, indicating a transition to a more neurodegenerative phase. There are also subtle shifts in MS disease activity during menopause, with some women experiencing a decline in clinical disability measures.

The relationship between menopause, ageing, and MS is complex. While ageing likely affects MS progression, hormonal changes may worsen these effects, but more research is needed to understand this interaction. We have provided some key resources to help you through this transitional phase in conjunction with an MS diagnosis.

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